Frederick Sanger (13
August 1918 – 19 November 2013) was a British biochemist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry twice,
the only person to have done so. In 1958
"for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin".
In1980, Walter Gilbert and Sanger shared half of the chemistry prize "for
their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic
acids". The other half was awarded to Paul Berg "for his fundamental
studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant
DNA". Sanger was the fourth person to have been awarded two Nobel Prizes,
either individually or in tandem with others.
Dr. Sanger won his first Nobel Prize, in chemistry, in 1958 for showing
how amino acids link together to form insulin. The discovery gave scientists
the tools to analyze any protein in the body.
In 1980 he received his second Nobel, also in chemistry, for inventing a method
of “reading” the molecular letters that make up the genetic code. This
discovery was crucial to the development of biotechnology drugs and provided
the basic tool kit for decoding the entire human genome two decades
later.
In 1977 he received coopley medal "In
recognition of his distinguished work on the chemical structure of proteins and
his studies on the sequences of nucleic acids"
The Copley Medal
is a scientific award given by the Royal Society, London for "outstanding
achievements in research in any branch of science." It alternates between
the physical and the biological sciences. Given every year, the medal is the
oldest Royal Society medal still awarded, and probably the oldest surviving
scientific award in the world, having first
been given in 1731 to Stephen Gray,
for "his new Electrical Experiments. The medal was created following a donation of £100
to be used for carrying out experiments by Sir
Godfrey Copley, for which the interest on the amount was used for several
years. In 1976, Dorothy Hodgkin was the first and as of 2013 the only woman
recipient.
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